Recommendations for specialized nutritional-metabolic management of the critical patient: introduction, methodology and list of recommendations. Metabolism and Nutrition Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC). / Recomendaciones para el tratamiento nutrometabólico especializado del paciente crítico: introducción, metodología y listado de recomendaciones. Grupo de Trabajo de Metabolismo y Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC).

The Metabolism and Nutrition Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) has reviewed and updated the recommendations for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in critically ill patients published by the Group in 2011, with the primary aim of helping decision making in daily clinical practice. The recommendations have been formulated by an expert panel with broad experience in nutritional and metabolic support in critically ill patients, and were drafted between March 2016 and February 2019. A level of evidence has been provided for each of the recommendations, based on the GRADE methodology (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group). A grade of recommendation has also been produced, taking into account the clinical impact of the recommendation, regardless of the level of evidence established by the GRADE scale.

"Do not do" recommendations of the working groups of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) for the management of critically ill patients. / Recomendaciones de "no hacer" en el tratamiento de los pacientes críticos de los grupos de trabajo de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC).

The project "Commitment to Quality of Scientific Societies", promoted since 2013 by the Spanish Ministry of Health, seeks to reduce unnecessary health interventions that have not proven effective, have little or doubtful effectiveness, or are not cost-effective. The objective is to establish the "do not do" recommendations for the management of critically ill patients. A panel of experts from the 13 working groups (WGs) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) was selected and nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience to carry out the recommendations. Available scientific literature in the management of adult critically ill patients from 2000 to 2017 was extracted. The clinical evidence was discussed and summarized by the experts in the course of consensus finding of each WG, and was finally approved by the WGs after an extensive internal review process carried out during the first semester of 2017. A total of 65 recommendations were developed, of which 5 corresponded to each of the 13 WGs. These recommendations are based on the opinion of experts and scientific knowledge, and aim to reduce those treatments or procedures that do not add value to the care process; avoid the exposure of critical patients to potential risks; and improve the adequacy of health resources.

Mortality prediction using TRISS methodology in the Spanish ICU Trauma Registry (RETRAUCI).

OBJECTIVES: To validate Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) methodology as an auditing tool in the Spanish ICU Trauma Registry (RETRAUCI). DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter registry evaluation was carried out. SETTING: Thirteen Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs). PATIENTS: Individuals with traumatic disease and available data admitted to the participating ICUs. INTERVENTIONS: Predicted mortality using TRISS methodology was compared with that observed in the pilot phase of the RETRAUCI from November 2012 to January 2015. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the corresponding areas under the curves (AUCs) (95% CI), with calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Predicted and observed mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1405 patients were analyzed. The observed mortality rate was 18% (253 patients), while the predicted mortality rate was 16.9%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.889 (95% CI: 0.867-0.911). Patients with blunt trauma (n=1305) had an area under the ROC curve of 0.887 (95% CI: 0.864-0.910), and those with penetrating trauma (n=100) presented an area under the curve of 0.919 (95% CI: 0.859-0.979). In the global sample, the HL test yielded a value of 25.38 (p=0.001): 27.35 (p<0.0001) in blunt trauma and 5.91 (p=0.658) in penetrating trauma. TRISS methodology underestimated mortality in patients with low predicted mortality and overestimated mortality in patients with high predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS: TRISS methodology in the evaluation of severe trauma in Spanish ICUs showed good discrimination, with inadequate calibration - particularly in blunt trauma.

Epidemiology of severe trauma in Spain. Registry of trauma in the ICU (RETRAUCI). Pilot phase. / Epidemiología del trauma grave en España. REgistro de TRAuma en UCI (RETRAUCI). Fase piloto.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and management of severe trauma disease in Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Registry of trauma in the ICU (RETRAUCI). Pilot phase. DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter registry. SETTING: Thirteen Spanish ICUs. PATIENTS: Patients with trauma disease admitted to the ICU. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Epidemiology, out-of-hospital attention, registry of injuries, resources utilization, complications and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients, n=2242. Mean age 47.1±19.02 years. Males 79%. Blunt trauma 93.9%. Injury Severity Score 22.2±12.1, Revised Trauma Score 6.7±1.6. Non-intentional in 84.4% of the cases. The most common causes of trauma were traffic accidents followed by pedestrian and high-energy falls. Up to 12.4% were taking antiplatelet medication or anticoagulants. Almost 28% had a suspected or confirmed toxic influence in trauma. Up to 31.5% required an out-of-hospital artificial airway. The time from trauma to ICU admission was 4.7±5.3hours. At ICU admission, 68.5% were hemodynamically stable. Brain and chest injuries predominated. A large number of complications were documented. Mechanical ventilation was used in 69.5% of the patients (mean 8.2±9.9 days), of which 24.9% finally required a tracheostomy. The median duration of stay in the ICU and in hospital was 5 (range 3-13) and 9 (5-19) days, respectively. The ICU mortality rate was 12.3%, while the in-hospital mortality rate was 16.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot phase of the RETRAUCI offers a first impression of the epidemiology and management of trauma disease in Spanish ICUs.

Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: Paciente oncohematológico / Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units-Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SEMICYUC-SENPE): Oncohematological patient

Los pacientes portadores de cáncer, en cualquier fase de su evolución, pueden precisar ingreso en UCI como consecuencia de complicaciones secundarias a su enfermedad de base o de las terapias quirúrgicas o farmacológicas a que se ven sometidos para tratar su enfermedad. La propia enfermedad cancerosa, así como el estado crítico a que pueden derivar como consecuencia de las complicaciones sobreañadidas, con frecuencia condicionan un alto grado de hipermetabolismo y de déficit de ingesta nutricional, lo que conduce en estos enfermos a una alta incidencia de desnutrición. Además, la propia enfermedad cancerosa condiciona una utilización anómala de los sustratos nutritivos, lo que podría condicionar una vía de administración y una proporción y aporte de nutrientes algo diferenciado de los pacientes no tumorales (AU)

Patients with cancer, irrespective of the stage of their disease, can require admission to the intensive care unit as a result of the complications of their underlying processor the surgical or pharmacological treatment provided. The cancer itself, as well as the critical status that can result from the complications of the disease, frequently lead to a high degree of hypermetabolism and inadequate energy intake, causing a high incidence of malnutrition in these patients. Moreover, cancer causes anomalous use of nutritional substrates and therefore the route of administration and proportion and intake of nutrients may differ in these patients from those in non-cancer patients (AU)

[Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units-Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SEMICYUC-SENPE): indications, timing and routes of nutrient delivery]. / Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: indicaciones, momento de inicio y vías de aporte.

This article discusses basic features of nutritional support in critically-ill patients: general indications, the route of administration and the optimal timing for the introduction of feeding. Although these features form the bedrock of nutritional support, most of the questions related to these issues are lacking answers based on the highest grade of evidence. Moreover, prospective randomized trials that might elucidate some o f these questions would probably be incompatible with good clinical practice. Nevertheless, nutritional support in critically-ill patients unable to voluntarily meet their own nutritional requirements is currently an unquestionable part of their treatment and care and is essential to the successful management of their illness.

[Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units-Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SEMICYUC-SENPE): oncohematological patient]. / Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: paciente oncohematológico.

Patients with cancer, irrespective of the stage of their disease, can require admission to the intensive care unit as a result of the complications of their underlying process or the surgical or pharmacological treatment provided. The cancer itself, as well as the critical status that can result from the complications of the disease, frequently lead to a high degree of hypermetabolism and inadequate energy intake, causing a high incidence of malnutrition in these patients. Moreover, cancer causes anomalous use of nutritional substrates and therefore the route of administration and proportion and intake of nutrients may differ in these patients from those in non-cancer patients.

Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient: update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: indications, timing and routes of nutrient delivery.

This article discusses basic features of nutritional support in critically-ill patients: general indications, the route of administration and the optimal timing for the introduction of feeding. Although these features form the bedrock of nutritional support, most of the questions related to these issues are lacking answers based on the highest grade of evidence. Moreover, prospective randomized trials that might elucidate some o f these questions would probably be incompatible with good clinical practice. Nevertheless, nutritional support in critically-ill patients unable to voluntarily meet their own nutritional requirements is currently an unquestionable part of their treatment and care and is essential to the successful management of their illness.

Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient: update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: oncohematological patient.

Patients with cancer, irrespective of the stage of their disease, can require admission to the intensive care unit as a result of the complications of their underlying process or the surgical or pharmacological treatment provided. The cancer itself, as well as the critical status that can result from the complications of the disease, frequently lead to a high degree of hypermetabolism and inadequate energy intake, causing a high incidence of malnutrition in these patients. Moreover, cancer causes anomalous use of nutritional substrates and therefore the route of administration and proportion and intake of nutrients may differ in these patients from those in noncancer patients.

[Epidemiology, initial management and analysis of morbidity-mortality of severe burn patient]. / Epidemiología, manejo inicial y análisisde morbimortalidad del gran quemado.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the epidemiological characteristics of severe burn patients and analyze the factors related with morbidity-mortality. DESIGN AND SCOPE: Observational, retrospective study of patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a level III hospital due to severe burns from January 1998 to December 2004. PATIENTS: 59 patients with criteria of "severe burn" and expected stay in ICU greater than three days. MAIN ENDPOINTS OF INTEREST: We studied epidemiological endpoints of this type of patients, diagnosis and initial treatment, early complications and morbidity-mortality. RESULTS: The burned body surface was 41% +/- 25% and age 49 +/- 21 years. Patients remained hospitalized in ICU for a median of 4 days (interquartile range: 2-19). A total of 78% of the patients needed mechanical ventilation, 47% had some infection during admission and 28% developed acute kidney failure during the first week. Mortality in the ICU was 42%. Endpoints associated independently with a significant increase of mortality were burned body surface greater than 35% (OR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03-1.12) and development of kidney failure (OR 5.47; 95% CI: 2.02 -8.93). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality of these patients is very high and is conditioned largely by initial care. Percentage of burned body surface (BBS) and kidney failure entails greater mortality in our series.

[Dysautonomic seizures in patients admitted to an intensive care unit following severe traumatic brain injury]. / Crisis disautonómicas en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos tras un traumatismo craneoencefálico grave.

AIM: To describe clinical and radiologic features of dysautonomic crisis after severe traumatic brain injury and its influence in the clinical situation six months later. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observatory study of seven patients after severe head injury, with dysautonomic crisis, admitted in the Critical Care Unit (CCU) during six months. No interventions. Its clinical features, its association with intracranial pressure and the treatment for Dysautonomic crisis they have received were extracted from the computed clinical report. We have evaluated his neurologic prognosis with the Jennet-Bond scale and his radiologic characteristics with the Gennarelly scale. RESULTS: Dysautonomic crisis began in the first week if the patients didn't received neuromuscular blocks drugs and they continued when the patients were discharged from the CCU in a young population with an initial Glasgow scale coma of 5 points. We didn't wait a special radiologic pattern. After the next six months, crisis were disappeared in 86% of patients and all patients reached a good neurologic level in the Jennet-Bond scale. CONCLUSIONS: Dysautonomic crisis appeared early in young men after severe head injury. We didn't find a radiologic pattern that predisposes the dysautonomic crisis. They didn't interfere the recovering six months after head injury.

Rotura renal grave durante una carrera de triatlón / Serious renal injury during a triathlon race

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[Guillain Barré syndrome in an intensive care unit]. / Síndrome de Guillain Barré en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The Guillain Barré syndrome is an inflammatory process of the peripheral nervous system. It is potentially reversible. Nowadays it is the commonest cause of acute, generalized, flaccid paralysis in the western world. Our objective was to present the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with the Guillain Barré syndrome who required admission to an intensive care unit. We therefore report our experience over a period of four years with patients with this syndrome who were admitted to the intensive care unit and given mechanical ventilation. We analyze the current incidence of this syndrome, the proportion of patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit and connection to mechanical ventilators due to their muscle weakness, and the mortality rates of the major case series published. We analyze the electrophysiological findings which indicate worse prognosis. Greater axonal involvement is seen in patients with poorer recovery, whilst those who made a better recovery had a predominantly demyelinating pattern. We studied certain clinical features which implied more severe illness and worse functional recovery such as the appearance of signs of autonomic nervous system involvement, rate of progression until the maximum affectation occurred and advanced age. Finally, we discuss the role of current immunomodulation treatment and the evidence of its effectiveness. The Guillain Barré syndrome patients admitted to the intensive care unit with the greatest index of long term sequelae are characterized by being older, with a higher proportion of neurovegatative disorders and have an electrophysiological pattern showing signs of greater axonal degeneration.